Mentality and Language. |
It is well known that human culture, social behavior and thinking cannot exist without language. Being a social and national identity, and a means of human communication, language cannot help bearing imprints of ethnic and cultural values as well as the norms of behavior of a given language community. All is reflected in the vocabulary of a language. But it should be noted that the grammatical structure of a language more exactly reflects the mentality of a nation as it is closer to thinking. "While the number of words in a language represents the volume of its world, the grammatical structure of a language gives an idea of the inner organization of thinking".
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Why is translation into the mother tongue more successful than into a second language? |
It is commonly believed that translators are better at translating into their native language than into a second language. The underlying reason for this assumption is that translators have a more profound linguistic and cultural background of their mother tongue than of a second language which they have to learn in order to be well-versed translators. By the same token, the translator who translates into his or her native language has a more natural and practical knowledge of the various linguistic elements of his or her native language, such as semantics, syntax, morphology and lexicology than the translator who translates into a foreign language. In addition, translation into the first language enables translators to render cultural elements such as proverbs, idioms, metaphors, collocations, swear words and others into proper equivalents in their mother tongue because such translators are born and bred in the culture into which they translate these culture-bound aspects. In fact, the translators' first language is naturally acquired in a culture and environment where the first language is naturally acquired and practiced. On the other hand, their second language is, for the most part, learned, rather than acquired, later on in the course of their life. As a result, the linguistic and cultural knowledge of their second language is always in progress and never complete. In this respect, James Dickins (2005) points out:
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Translating Abbreviations. |
Translation is a complex process where fragile balance is achieved between the equivalence of the text translated and the linguistic means chosen. Abbreviations can cause many difficulties during the translation. First of all despite the history of translation originates since ancient times when people needed to communicate with people from different communities, abbreviation is a comparatively new linguistic phenomenon and thus its translating isn't well studied yet. This phenomenon perfectly reflects the spirit of our times, when there is a need to transmit much information during the shortest period of time. Abbreviations are formed by certain patterns and knowing these patterns can greatly simplify the process of translation. Abbreviations mostly occur in scientific and journalistic styles, where ambiguity and uncertainty are not accepted. They mostly occur in the names of organizations, associations, committees, etc.
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