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It is well known that human culture, social behavior and thinking cannot exist without language. Being a social and national identity, and a means of human communication, language cannot help bearing imprints of ethnic and cultural values as well as the norms of behavior of a given language community. All is reflected in the vocabulary of a language. But it should be noted that the grammatical structure of a language more exactly reflects the mentality of a nation as it is closer to thinking. "While the number of words in a language represents the volume of its world, the grammatical structure of a language gives an idea of the inner organization of thinking".[1]

This important notion was first introduced by V. von Gumboldt. [2].
"Frequent repetition of certain relations creates in a person's mind the so called the category of experience. Essentially it is a notional category which can be expressed in a language. And how this category can be expressed in a language depends on the linguacreative thinking. The linguacreative thinking is capable of choosing the means of expression, it might determine the semantic volume of the category, the peculiarities of its combination and etc".[3]. The national categories exactly serve the foundation for the morphological categories of the language. They are the system forming units which constitute the basic attributes of any language. It is well known that the category of gender is one of the important categories of the Russian language. This category divides all the names, objects into 3 gender groups in accordance with the outer formal indicators like inflexions. It is not difficult for native speakers of Russian to define the gender characteristics of the nouns, while for foreigners to learn the rules of gender characteristics is one of the complicated tasks. And it is quite natural: gender opposition of the feminine, masculine and neuter gender exists in the language consciousness of the Russian people. But it is necessary to make every effort for a foreigner to assimilate this category, to comprehend it and to put it in good order in his language consciousness and then to use it in his speech. This property characterizes all the morphological categories irrespective of the type of the language: they constitute the basic "foot hold" of the language consciousness.

The grammatical (morphological) categories are normally formed in any language as a result of long generalization of the concrete lexical material, the further abstracting of a certain semantic idea. Thus, for all Turkic and Slavonic languages the semantic notion of quantity has become the semantic dominant characteristics of the nouns. But the notion of quantity (one-many) is the semantic general notion (universalis) for many languages. But we cannot affirm that this category is topical for native speakers of all languages. ".. .facts of language are not the cause and effect; not all the categories of collective thinking are expressed by the language categories. At the same time not everything expressed by the language belongs to what is more realized and more socially important". [4]. To become an integral property of this or that language two main conditions are required: firstly, it should be a binding characteristics of the basic word stock due to which it is constantly claimed in speech of this native speaker; secondly, this semantic dominant is split into several "portions" and distributed among all the words of this part of speech dividing them into forms opposing to each other. These opposed forms exist as logical and semantic oppositions in the language thought of the people. The grammatical opposition "one-many" is characteristic of the Russian and Kyrgyz languages, that is why native speakers of these languages would make more precise the quantitive characteristics of objects with a help of corresponding grammatical indicators (in Russian: kniga-knigi, in Kyrgyz: kitep-kitepter and so on).

The composition of grammatical categories in different languages is different as every language "selects" those attributes of the word stock appropriate for it and this selection takes place for a long historic space of time. The grammatical system of any language is the most stable and the most slowly liable to changes part of the language structure. It is formed for many centuries and even millenniums, therefore the peculiarities of the national mentality and thinking cannot help reflecting in it. They are conditioned by the social and political climated, cultural and ethical values characteristic of this or that nation. We suppose that it influences certain extralinguistic events. According to Malinovsky it is necessary to create a special discipline the aim of which would be to reveal the real nature of the grammatical categories proceding from the primitive attitude of Man to Reality.[5]. Within the frame work of this article will be made an attempt to compare very important for the Kyrgyz and Slavonic (Russian) languages grammatical categories and to give an extralinguistic ground for their existence in these languages. But since the grammatical system of the languages is the general foundation for the related languages, therefore on the level of the semantic value and their formal expression, they are adequately correlative, it is more expedient to analyse not one concrete language but the whole language system: Turkic and Slavonic. Concrete languages like Kyrgyz and Russian will be drawn as illustrative languages.
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